Understanding AQI and Its Dangers
The Air Quality Index (AQI) measures the level of air pollution around us. It includes pollutants such as ground-level ozone (O₃), particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂). AQI levels between 0–50 are considered good, while values above 100 become harmful — especially for pregnant women, older adults, and children. When the AQI crosses 150, it can cause serious breathing problems, fatigue, and even heart stress for vulnerable groups.
Health Risks for Pregnant Women and Newborns
According to Dr. Kamanasish Das, a pulmonologist at Max Super Speciality Hospital, high AQI exposure during pregnancy can lead to several complications. Polluted air increases the risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and delayed fetal growth. Tiny particles in polluted air, especially PM2.5, can enter the bloodstream, affecting both the mother and baby. Prolonged exposure may lead to high blood pressure during pregnancy (preeclampsia), gestational diabetes, and even miscarriage in severe cases.
For newborns, breathing polluted air can harm lung and brain development, weaken the immune system, and increase the risk of asthma, allergies, and infections later in life. Similarly, elderly individuals with weak immunity or chronic diseases like asthma, COPD, and heart problems are more vulnerable to poor air quality.
Simple Safety Tips During High AQI Days
When air quality is poor (AQI above 150), pregnant women and seniors should stay indoors as much as possible. Use air purifiers with HEPA filters, keep windows closed, and run air conditioners on recirculate mode. Avoid burning candles or cooking without ventilation. If going outdoors is unavoidable, wear an N95 or KN95 mask to reduce exposure.
It’s also important to drink plenty of water, eat healthy foods, and monitor symptoms like coughing, chest discomfort, or breathlessness. If these symptoms worsen, seek medical help immediately. By following these precautions, pregnant women and the elderly can reduce health risks and stay safe even during high pollution days.
