The Indian government has announced that the next national census will include details about caste. This decision by the ruling Bharatiya Janta Party (BJP) has caused a big debate. Many experts believe it could create deep caste divisions in the country.
Caste has existed in India for thousands of years. At first, it was based on people’s work, not birth. But over time, caste became fixed and passed down in families. Some groups moved up by changing their names and status, especially during British rule. For example, Ahirs became Yadavs and claimed Kshatriya status.
After India’s independence, leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru and Vallabhbhai Patel wanted to reduce caste-based divisions. Nehru once said giving support based only on caste was a bad idea. Patel also said caste should not be a major part of national records.
However, politicians today use caste to win votes. Many castes that earlier wanted to be seen as “forward” now ask to be called “backward” to get job and education benefits from the government. This is leading to what experts call a “race to the bottom.”
The BJP had earlier opposed a caste census but is now supporting it. Critics say this is because the government has not delivered on its promises—like creating jobs, building smart cities, and improving national security. With elections coming, a caste census may help the party shift the public’s focus.
Experts warn that dividing people by caste can harm India’s unity. They suggest focusing on helping poor people with good education, healthcare, and nutrition—no matter what caste they belong to.
Many fear the caste census may increase reservations and cause more social tension, instead of solving real problems like poverty and unemployment.
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